Agriculture is critical for human welfare, providing
food, employment, income, and assets. In the past,
agricultural research and development largely focused
on improving production, productivity, and profitability of
agricultural enterprises. Nutrition and other benefits of
agriculture were not always optimized, while the negative
impacts on health, well-being, and the environment were
often ignored. This was especially problematic for livestock
systems, with especially complex negative and positive
impacts on human health and well-being.
An important negative effect of agricultural intensification
is disease. Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) is
a notorious example of a disease that was fostered by
intensified agricultural production and spread through
lengthened poultry value chains and the global movement of
people and animals. More
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